Everything about Circumcision Advocacy totally explained
Circumcision advocacy refers to those who advocate circumcision and their activities in support of this cause. In scholarly sources it's used in an article by Hodges, Svoboda and Van Howe in the Journal of Medical Ethics
(External Link
), and also in the title of
Tyranny of the victims: An analysis of circumcision advocacy. In Male and female circumcision: Medical legal and ethical considerations in pediatric practice, ed. G. C. Denniston, F. M. Hodges, and M. F. Milos, 223-24. New York
(External Link). The term "circumcision advocate" has been used in a newsletter from the University of Sydney, Australia
(External Link) and in the Australian Doctor
(External Link) to refer to Professor Brian Morris. The term was also used in the New Mexican in 2001
(External Link). Dr Sam Kunin, MD describes himself as a pro-circumcision advocate
(External Link).
History
Ephron reports that Gentiles and also some Jewish reformers in early 19th Century Germany had criticized ritual circumcision as "barbaric" and that Jewish doctors responded to these criticisms with defences of the ritual or proposals for modification or reform.
(External Link) By the late 19th century some German Jewish doctors defended circumcision by claiming it had health advantages.
(External Link)
Prominent circumcision advocates in English-speaking countries
Circumcision spread in several English-speaking nations from the late Nineteenth Century. One reason for this was promotion by doctors such as Sir Jonathan Hutchinson in England
(External Link).
Peter Charles Remondino, of San Diego, wrote a
History of Circumcision from the Earliest Times to the Present: Moral and Physical Reasons for Its Performance (1891), to promote circumcision.
(External Link) Lewis Sayre, a prominent American Orthopedic surgeon at the time, was another early American advocate. Abraham Wolbarst, a New York Jewish doctor,
(External Link) published an article in the
Journal of the American Medical Association in 1914 advocating universal circumcision for health reasons. He first advocated circumcision to prevent penile cancer in 1928, and in 1932 he published a study to document his claim. Some recent studies have shown that circumcised men are at a reduced risk, particularly from invasive penile cancer, though circumcision doesn't provide complete protection. For further discussion, please see:
medical analysis of circumcision.
In the late Nineteenth Century, doctors and others advocated circumcision to prevent masturbation, which was then considered sinful and harmful. Dr.
John Harvey Kellogg recommended circumcision of boys, writing:
"A remedy for masturbation which is almost always successful in small boys is circumcision.... The operation should be performed by a surgeon without administering anaesthetic, as the pain attending the operation will have a salutary effect upon the mind, especially if it be connected with the idea of punishment." (Kellogg, 1888) As late as 1936. L. E. Holt, an author of pediatric textbooks, advocated male and female circumcision to prevent masturbation
(External Link).
Dr. Benjamin Spock (d. 1998), who originally supported circumcision, changed his mind near the end of his life (B. Spock, Circumcision - It's Not Necessary
Redbook, April 1989). Dr. Thomas Wiswell, who was originally opposed to circumcision, later changed his mind after his research revealed a protective effect against urinary tract infections
(External Link). Dr. Edgar Schoen, (b. 1925) former chair of the American Academy of Pediatrics' Task Force on Circumcision, maintains a web site promoting circumcision
(External Link) and claims physical benefits in sexual performance in addition to medical arguments. Aaron J. Fink, M.D. (d. 1990), another late 20th century circumcision advocate, self-published
Circumcision: A Parent's Decision for Life to promote his ideas.
Circumcision advocates in Australia and Canada
Both Australia and Canada have circumcision advocates. Dr. Pollock, a Canadian doctor who concentrates on vasectomies and circumcisions, asserts that he's safely performed over 16,000 circumcisions
(External Link) claiming a lifetime of medical benefits. In Ontario, Canada, Dr Aaron Jesin, a General Practitioner, runs a circumcision clinic. His website reproduces a Circlist webpage containing articles from before the year 2000 on the medical benefits claimed for circumcision
(External Link). In Australia, Professor Brian Morris, author of "In Favour of Circumcision"
(External Link) said, "It was never my intention to be the biggest campaigner for circumcision in Australia. Really, I’m a campaigner for science."
(External Link) Morris writes that circumcision confers many medical benefits including reduced risk of UTIs, penile cancer, HIV, balanitis, posthitis, phimosis, and prostate cancer and argues that circumcision has sexual benefits
(External Link).
Further Information
Get more info on 'Circumcision Advocacy'.
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